Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A
student finds a sample of a clear, colourless, odourless liquid in the science laboratory. With his
teacher's permission, he decides to measure the boiling point of the liquid, and finds it to be 106
degrees C. Based on that observation, what is a reasonable conclusion for the student to
reach? a. | The liquid is
probably water. | c. | The liquid is
not pure water. | b. | The thermometer was faulty. | d. | He heated the liquid too quickly. | | | | |
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2.
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All
of the following are properties of magnesium. Identify the physical property. a. | Magnesium burns
in air with a brilliant white flame. | b. | Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce a
gas. | c. | Magnesium is a
good conductor of electricity. | d. | Magnesium combines with nitrogen to form a black
powder. | | |
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3.
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Which
property is described by the statement that aluminum can be bent into various
shapes? a. | density | c. | hardness | b. | malleability | d. | viscosity | | | | |
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4.
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Diamond can scratch glass. Which property of both substances is described by this
statement? a. | ductility | c. | hardness | b. | crystal form | d. | density | | | | |
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5.
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Which
physical property is described by the statement that copper can be drawn into fine
wires? a. | density | c. | viscosity | b. | hardness | d. | ductility | | | | |
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6.
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The
liquid state of matter has a. | an indefinite shape and a definite
volume. | b. | a definite shape and a definite
volume. | c. | an indefinite shape and an indefinite
volume. | d. | a definite shape and an indefinite
volume. | | |
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7.
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One
of the physical properties of matter that you read about is viscosity. This term is usually used to
describe oils used in automobile engines. If oil A is more viscous than oil B, then this means
that a. | oil A is thinner
than oil B. | b. | oil A is thicker than oil B. | c. | oil A is a more
expensive oil than oil B. | d. | oil A is more soluble in water than oil
B. | | |
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8.
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Identify the chemical change in the following: a. | the crushing of
stones | c. | the separation
of cream from milk | b. | the formation of clouds | d. | the burning of a candle | | | | |
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9.
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An
example of a physical change is a. | toasting a piece of bread. | c. | boiling oil. | b. | the explosion of
dynamite. | d. | the rusting of
iron. | | | | |
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10.
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Which
one of the following is an example of a physical change? a. | baking a
cake | c. | bleaching a
stain in clothes | b. | cutting paper into strips | d. | food digesting in your stomach | | | | |
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11.
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A
physical change in a substance a. | changes the form or state of the
substance. | b. | results in a change in the mass of the
substance. | c. | changes it into a different
substance. | d. | is usually very hard to reverse. | | |
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12.
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Matter can exist in one of three states. These are a. | physical,
chemical, metal. | c. | reactant,
product, precipitate. | b. | alloy, crystal, hydrocarbon. | d. | solid, liquid, gas. | | | | |
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13.
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When
some solid mothballs are placed in a clothes closet, they gradually disappear over a period of time.
The change of state that occurs is a. | evaporation. | c. | condensation. | b. | sublimation. | d. | melting. | | | | |
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14.
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Iron
is widely used to build cars, bridges, and buildings. One of the major problems with iron is that it
rusts under certain conditions. The reaction of iron to form rust is called a. | combustion. | c. | a physical
change. | b. | precipitate. | d. | corrosion. | | | | |
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15.
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Several methods are used to prevent or slow the rusting of iron. Which of the
following is not likely to be used for this purpose? a. | spraying water
on the iron | b. | attaching another metal that reacts with oxygen faster than
iron reacts | c. | covering the iron with a coating of
oil | d. | covering the
iron by painting it | | |
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16.
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When
a hydrocarbon such as coal, natural gas, or oil burns, the products are most likely to
be a. | carbon and
oxygen. | c. | hydrogen and
carbon. | b. | hydrogen and water. | d. | carbon dioxide and water. | | | | |
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17.
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The
fire triangle is a useful way of remembering the components of a combustion reaction. The three parts
of the triangle are a. | heat, fuel, oxygen. | c. | light, fuel, oxygen. | b. | heat, fuel,
hydrogen. | d. | reactants,
products, fossil fuels. | | | | |
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18.
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All
of the following statements are part of the particle theory of matter except one. Identify the
exception. a. | Different
substances are made of different particles. | b. | The particles in
solids are harder than the particles in liquids. | c. | The particles
are always moving. | d. | There are forces of attraction between the
particles. | | |
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19.
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Which
one of the following statements about the particles in a piece of silver is
incorrect? a. | All of the
particles have the same mass. | b. | The particles are always moving. | c. | There are strong
forces of attraction between the particles. | d. | As the
temperature increases, the particles move more slowly. | | |
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20.
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The
particle theory of matter is a useful scientific model because a. | it proves that
matter is made of particles. | b. | it allows scientists to explain many of the properties of
matter. | c. | it is easy to understand. | d. | it was developed
by famous scientists. | | |
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21.
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Air
is classified as a mixture because a. | it is clear and colourless. | b. | it contains at
least two different pure substances. | c. | its composition never changes. | d. | its major
components are elements. | | |
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22.
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Only
one of the following statements is correct. Identify that statement. a. | All compounds
consist of two or more elements. | b. | All pure substances are elements. | c. | All mixtures are
solutions. | d. | All solutions are heterogeneous. | | |
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23.
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Substances composed of identical atoms are a. | mixtures. | c. | compounds. | b. | elements. | d. | solutions. | | | | |
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24.
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Scientists have been able to identify about 110 elements and a few million compounds.
How many different kinds of atoms are there? a. | About 110. | b. | A few
million. | c. | Two. | d. | It's impossible to tell from the information
given. | | |
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25.
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Only
one of the following statements about molecules is correct. Which one? a. | All molecules
consist of two atoms joined together. | b. | All molecules consist of identical atoms joined
together. | c. | Molecules cannot be split apart. | d. | All water
molecules consist of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. | | |
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26.
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Which
one of the following substances is an element? a. | Water | c. | Helium | b. | Salt | d. | Milk | | | | |
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27.
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Silicon dioxide, SiO2, is the major component of sand. Silicon dioxide is
considered to be a compound because a. | it is a pure substance. | c. | it is a very common substance. | b. | it consists of
two different elements. | d. | its composition
varies. | | | | |
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28.
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The
total number of atoms represented by the formula K2Cr2O7
is
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29.
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Which
of the following gases is not a component of our atmosphere? a. | hydrogen | c. | carbon
dioxide | b. | nitrogen | d. | argon | | | | |
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30.
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Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are compounds made up of the elements carbon and
oxygen. Based on that information only, which of the following statements is most likely
correct? a. | The two
compounds have different properties. | b. | Carbon dioxide is a gas and carbon dioxide is a
liquid. | c. | The two compounds have the same
properties. | d. | One compound is more poisonous than the
other. | | |
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31.
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Ozone
is an important gas in the upper part of our atmosphere because a. | it traps heat,
thus keeping our planet warmer. | b. | it filters out damaging ultraviolet
radiation. | c. | it prevents gases from the Sun from reaching
Earth. | d. | it reduces the pollution caused by fossil
fuels. | | |
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32.
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For
hundreds of years up to about A.D.1600, a group of people called alchemists carried out thousands of
experiments and invented many pieces of laboratory equipment that we still use today. The major goal
of the alchemists was to a. | find evidence for the existence of
atoms. | b. | turn gold into iron or lead. | c. | turn metals such
as iron and lead into gold. | d. | prove that fire, earth, air, and water were
elements. | | |
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33.
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Which
of the following statements is not part of Dalton's atomic theory? a. | All substances
are composed of small, indivisible particles called atoms. | b. | The atoms of a
given element are identical in every respect. | c. | The three main
particles in atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons. | d. | In chemical
reactions, atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios. | | |
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34.
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The
atomic model has been modified many times over the years. This happened because a. | scientists have
become smarter with time. | b. | new evidence became available to
scientists. | c. | the actual nature of the atom has changed with
time. | d. | more elements were discovered. | | |
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35.
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Which
scientist first proposed the existence of the nucleus in atoms? a. | Rutherford | c. | Thomson | b. | Bohr | d. | Dalton | | | | |
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36.
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In a
famous experiment carried out in 1911, Ernest Rutherford bombarded a thin sheet of gold with
high-speed, positively charged particles. Based on the behaviour of these particles, Rutherford
proposed that atoms possessed a. | a very small, positively charged, dense region in the centre of
the atom. | b. | a very small, negatively charged, dense region in the centre of
the atom. | c. | very small, positively charged particles that moved at high
speed. | d. | equal numbers of positive and negative
particles. | | |
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37.
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According to the Rutherford model of the atom, most of the space that an atom takes up
consists of a. | protons. | c. | neutrons. | b. | a nucleus. | d. | empty space. | | | | |
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38.
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Several models of the atom have been suggested by scientists since the beginning of
the nineteenth century. What is the correct chronological order (earliest to latest) of the models
proposed by the scientists listed below? a. | Dalton, Bohr, Thomson,
Rutherford | c. | Thomson, Dalton,
Rutherford, Bohr | b. | Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford,
Bohr | d. | Dalton,
Rutherford, Thomson, Bohr | | | | |
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39.
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One
model of the atom is sometimes referred to as the "raisin bun" model. In this model, the
raisins represent the a. | protons. | c. | nucleus. | b. | neutrons. | d. | electrons. | | | | |
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40.
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Protons are a. | positively charged particles found outside the nucleus in an
atom. | b. | negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus in an
atom. | c. | neutral particles found in the nucleus in an
atom. | d. | positively charged particles found in the nucleus in an
atom. | | |
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41.
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Electrons are a. | positively charged particles found outside the nucleus in an
atom. | b. | negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus in an
atom. | c. | neutral particles found in the nucleus in an
atom. | d. | negatively charged particles found in the nucleus in an
atom. | | |
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42.
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The
positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom are a. | electrons. | c. | neurons. | b. | neutrons. | d. | protons. | | | | |
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43.
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The
mass of a neutron is approximately a. | 2000 times greater than the mass of a
proton. | b. | 2000 times greater than the mass of an
electron. | c. | 1/2000 of the mass of an electron. | d. | 1/2000 of the
mass of a proton. | | |
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44.
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The
number of electrons in an atom is the same as a. | the number of neutrons in the atom. | b. | the mass number
of the atom. | c. | the number of protons in the atom. | d. | the difference
between the mass number and atomic number. | | |
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45.
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The
particles that make up most of the mass of an atom are a. | the protons and
electrons. | c. | the protons and
neutrons. | b. | the neutrons and electrons. | d. | only the neutrons. | | | | |
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46.
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The
numbers of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom of 144Cs are a. | 55 protons, 55
electrons, 144 neutrons. | b. | 55 protons, 55 electrons, 89
neutrons. | c. | 89 protons, 89 electrons, 144
neutrons. | d. | 55 protons, 89 electrons, 89
neutrons. | | |
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47.
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The
symbol Cl represents an atom with a. | 17 protons, 20 electrons, 20
neutrons. | c. | 20 protons, 20
electrons, 17 neutrons. | b. | 17 protons, 17 electrons, 17
neutrons. | d. | 17 protons, 17
electrons, 20 neutrons. | | | | |
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48.
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An
atom with an atomic number of 38 and a mass number of 88 contains a. | 50
neutrons. | c. | 38
neutrons. | b. | 50 electrons. | d. | 88 protons. | | | | |
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49.
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In
Bohr's planetary model of the atom, he suggested that a. | electrons could
be found only in certain orbits or energy levels. | b. | the closer an
electron is to the nucleus, the higher its energy. | c. | electrons always
stay in the same energy level. | d. | the orbit closest to the nucleus can hold eight
electrons. | | |
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50.
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The
number of electrons in the outermost orbit of a phosphorus atom is
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51.
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An
atom can form a positive ion by a. | losing electrons. | c. | losing protons. | b. | gaining
electrons. | d. | gaining
protons. | | | | |
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52.
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Potassium ions have a charge of +1. This is because the ions have a. | one more proton
than the number of electrons. | b. | one more electron than the number of
protons. | c. | one more proton than the number of
neutrons. | d. | one more neutron than the number of
protons. | | |
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53.
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Sulphide ions have a charge of -2. This is because the ions have a. | two more protons
than the number of electrons. | b. | two more electrons than the number of
protons. | c. | two more protons than the number of
neutrons. | d. | two more neutrons than the number of
protons. | | |
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54.
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When
compounds containing certain metals are placed in a flame, different flame colours are produced. For
example, sodium compounds always produce yellow flames. The reason that this happens is
because a. | all atoms of the
metal have the same mass. | b. | all atoms of the metal have the same
symbol. | c. | all atoms of the metal have the same number of
neutrons. | d. | all atoms of the metal have the same electron
arrangement. | | |
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55.
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Mendeleev is sometimes referred to as "the father of the periodic table." He
knew some of the properties of about 64 elements, and by arranging the elements in a certain way, he
formed a table in which elements with similar properties appeared in the same column. To produce this
table, Mendeleev arranged the known elements in order of a. | increasing
atomic number. | c. | increasing
atomic mass. | b. | increasing atomic size. | d. | the dates of discovery of the
elements. | | | | |
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56.
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Which
group in the periodic table contains the noble gases?
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57.
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Which
of the following groups of elements contains only metalloids? a. | Ge, As, Sb,
Te | c. | Ge, As, Sb,
Bi | b. | Li, Na, K,
Rb | d. | Ge, Pb, Au,
Ag | | | | |
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58.
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The
reason for the chemical similarity among elements of a given group in the periodic table
is the a. | similarity in
the highest orbit electrons. | b. | similarity in their nuclear
structure. | c. | fact that they all have the same number of
protons. | d. | fact that they all have the same number of
neutrons. | | |
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59.
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Chemists believe that the chemical properties of an element are directly related to
the a. | number of
neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. | b. | atomic mass of an atom. | c. | electrons in the
outermost of an atom. | d. | the mass number of the atom. | | |
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60.
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Moving down a column in the periodic table, the number of electrons in the highest
orbit a. | increases
gradually. | c. | shows no
pattern. | b. | decreases gradually. | d. | remains constant. | | | | |
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61.
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Which
element in the following list is a member of the noble gases? a. | francium | c. | astatine | b. | aluminum | d. | radon | | | | |
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62.
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Which
of the following elements would you expect to react in a manner most similar to
nitrogen? a. | phosphorus
(P) | c. | neon
(Ne) | b. | sodium
(Na) | d. | oxygen
(O) | | | | |
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63.
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The
group 1 elements are similar in that they a. | are all very unreactive. | b. | all form ions
with a charge of 2+. | c. | all have one more electron than the noble
gases. | d. | all have one less electron than the noble
gases. | | |
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64.
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Two
elements X and Y (not their symbols) are members of the same family of elements. It can therefore be
concluded that the elements have the same a. | atomic radius. | c. | number of outer-level electrons. | b. | atomic
mass. | d. | physical state
at room temperature. | | | | |
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65.
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Only
one of the following elements is correctly described. Which one? a. | Element 11 is an
alkali metal in period 2. | b. | Element 17 is a halogen in period 17. | c. | Element 18 is a
noble gas in period 3. | d. | Element 20 is a precious metal in period
2. | | |
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66.
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The
noble gases are very unreactive because a. | they are very rare. | c. | they have very low densities. | b. | their outer
orbits are filled. | d. | they have low
boiling points. | | | | |
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67.
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Argon
gas is used to fill ordinary lightbulbs. The property of argon that makes it useful for this purpose
is that argon a. | is a very good
conductor of electricity. | b. | is a very unreactive gas. | c. | is a good
conductor of heat. | d. | reacts with the metal in the bulb to produce
light. | | |
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68.
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The
most reactive elements in the periodic table are found in a. | groups 1 and
18. | c. | groups 3 and
4. | b. | groups 2 and
15. | d. | groups 1 and
17. | | | | |
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69.
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Rows
in the periodic table are also referred to as a. | periods. | c. | groups. | b. | families. | d. | columns. | | | | |
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70.
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All
members of this group of elements form ions with a +1 charge when they react. What group
is this? a. | Noble
gases | c. | Metalloids | b. | Halogens | d. | Alkali metals | | | | |
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71.
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All
members of this group of elements form ions with a -1 charge when they react. What group
is this? a. | Noble
gases | c. | Metalloids | b. | Halogens | d. | Alkali metals | | | | |
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72.
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A new
element is discovered and scientists are able to show that its atomic number is 116. Based on your
knowledge of the periodic table, how many electrons is an atom of this element likely to have in its
highest orbit?
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73.
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The
least reactive element in the following list is a. | argon. | c. | potassium. | b. | gold. | d. | copper. | | | | |
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74.
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Which
of the following statements concerning the halogens is correct? a. | An iodine atom
is larger than a bromine atom because iodine has a higher melting point. | b. | An iodine atom
is larger than a bromine atom because iodine has more orbits. | c. | Fluorine is the
least reactive of the halogens. | d. | All halogen atoms have six electrons in their outer
orbits. | | |
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75.
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Gallium is the element immediately under aluminum in the periodic table in group 13.
Based on this information, how many electrons is a gallium atom likely to lose or gain to form a
stable ion?
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Matching
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Match the following scientists with their contributions to our knowledge of the
structure of the atom. a. | Bohr | c. | Dalton | b. | Rutherford | d. | Thomson | | | | |
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76.
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All
elements are made up of atoms, which are like tiny indivisible spheres; different elements have
different atoms.
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77.
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At
the centre of the atom is a very small, extremely dense, positively charged region called the
nucleus.
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The following diagrams represent the atomic models proposed by Dalton, Thomson,
Rutherford, and Bohr. Match the correct names with each diagram.
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78.
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Thomson
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79.
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Dalton
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80.
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Rutherford
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